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服务端渲染

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只需在 createTRPCNext 配置回调中设置 ssr: true 即可启用 SSR。

信息

启用 SSR 后，tRPC 会使用 getInitialProps 在服务端预取所有查询。当您同时使用 getServerSideProps 时，这会导致此类问题，且该问题超出我们的解决范围。

 
替代方案是保持 SSR 禁用（默认状态），并使用服务端助手在 getStaticProps 或 getServerSideProps 中预取查询。

为了在服务端渲染阶段正确执行查询，我们需要在 config 中添加额外逻辑。此外，请考虑使用 Response Caching。

utils/trpc.ts
tsx
import { httpBatchLink } from '@trpc/client';
import { createTRPCNext } from '@trpc/next';
import { ssrPrepass } from '@trpc/next/ssrPrepass';
import type { AppRouter } from './api/trpc/[trpc]';
 
export const trpc = createTRPCNext<AppRouter>({
  ssr: true,
  ssrPrepass,
  config(info) {
    const { ctx } = info;
    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
      // during client requests
      return {
        links: [
          httpBatchLink({
            url: '/api/trpc',
          }),
        ],
      };
    }
 
    return {
      links: [
        httpBatchLink({
          // The server needs to know your app's full url
          url: `${getBaseUrl()}/api/trpc`,
          /**
           * Set custom request headers on every request from tRPC
           * @see https://trpc.io/docs/client/headers
           */
          headers() {
            if (!ctx?.req?.headers) {
              return {};
            }
            // To use SSR properly, you need to forward client headers to the server
            // This is so you can pass through things like cookies when we're server-side rendering
            return {
              cookie: ctx.req.headers.cookie,
            };
          },
        }),
      ],
    };
  },
});
utils/trpc.ts
tsx
import { httpBatchLink } from '@trpc/client';
import { createTRPCNext } from '@trpc/next';
import { ssrPrepass } from '@trpc/next/ssrPrepass';
import type { AppRouter } from './api/trpc/[trpc]';
 
export const trpc = createTRPCNext<AppRouter>({
  ssr: true,
  ssrPrepass,
  config(info) {
    const { ctx } = info;
    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
      // during client requests
      return {
        links: [
          httpBatchLink({
            url: '/api/trpc',
          }),
        ],
      };
    }
 
    return {
      links: [
        httpBatchLink({
          // The server needs to know your app's full url
          url: `${getBaseUrl()}/api/trpc`,
          /**
           * Set custom request headers on every request from tRPC
           * @see https://trpc.io/docs/client/headers
           */
          headers() {
            if (!ctx?.req?.headers) {
              return {};
            }
            // To use SSR properly, you need to forward client headers to the server
            // This is so you can pass through things like cookies when we're server-side rendering
            return {
              cookie: ctx.req.headers.cookie,
            };
          },
        }),
      ],
    };
  },
});

或者，若需根据特定请求条件启用 SSR，可向 ssr 传递回调函数。此回调可返回布尔值，或解析为布尔值的 Promise：

utils/trpc.ts
tsx
import { httpBatchLink } from '@trpc/client';
import { createTRPCNext } from '@trpc/next';
import { ssrPrepass } from '@trpc/next/ssrPrepass';
import type { AppRouter } from './api/trpc/[trpc]';
 
export const trpc = createTRPCNext<AppRouter>({
  ssrPrepass,
  config(info) {
    const { ctx } = info;
    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
      // during client requests
      return {
        links: [
          httpBatchLink({
            url: '/api/trpc',
          }),
        ],
      };
    }
 
    return {
      links: [
        httpBatchLink({
          // The server needs to know your app's full url
          url: `${getBaseUrl()}/api/trpc`,
          /**
           * Set custom request headers on every request from tRPC
           * @see https://trpc.io/docs/client/headers
           */
          headers() {
            if (!ctx?.req?.headers) {
              return {};
            }
            // To use SSR properly, you need to forward client headers to the server
            // This is so you can pass through things like cookies when we're server-side rendering
            return {
              cookie: ctx.req.headers.cookie,
            };
          },
        }),
      ],
    };
  },
  ssr(opts) {
    // only SSR if the request is coming from a bot
    return opts.ctx?.req?.headers['user-agent']?.includes('bot') ?? false;
  },
});
utils/trpc.ts
tsx
import { httpBatchLink } from '@trpc/client';
import { createTRPCNext } from '@trpc/next';
import { ssrPrepass } from '@trpc/next/ssrPrepass';
import type { AppRouter } from './api/trpc/[trpc]';
 
export const trpc = createTRPCNext<AppRouter>({
  ssrPrepass,
  config(info) {
    const { ctx } = info;
    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
      // during client requests
      return {
        links: [
          httpBatchLink({
            url: '/api/trpc',
          }),
        ],
      };
    }
 
    return {
      links: [
        httpBatchLink({
          // The server needs to know your app's full url
          url: `${getBaseUrl()}/api/trpc`,
          /**
           * Set custom request headers on every request from tRPC
           * @see https://trpc.io/docs/client/headers
           */
          headers() {
            if (!ctx?.req?.headers) {
              return {};
            }
            // To use SSR properly, you need to forward client headers to the server
            // This is so you can pass through things like cookies when we're server-side rendering
            return {
              cookie: ctx.req.headers.cookie,
            };
          },
        }),
      ],
    };
  },
  ssr(opts) {
    // only SSR if the request is coming from a bot
    return opts.ctx?.req?.headers['user-agent']?.includes('bot') ?? false;
  },
});
pages/_app.tsx
tsx
import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
import type { AppProps } from 'next/app';
import type { AppType } from 'next/app';
 
const MyApp: AppType = ({ Component, pageProps }: AppProps) => {
  return <Component {...pageProps} />;
};
 
export default trpc.withTRPC(MyApp);
pages/_app.tsx
tsx
import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
import type { AppProps } from 'next/app';
import type { AppType } from 'next/app';
 
const MyApp: AppType = ({ Component, pageProps }: AppProps) => {
  return <Component {...pageProps} />;
};
 
export default trpc.withTRPC(MyApp);

结合 SSR 的响应缓存​

若在应用中启用 SSR，可能会发现应用在 Vercel 等平台加载缓慢，实际上无需 SSG 也能静态渲染整个应用；参阅此 Twitter 讨论串获取更多洞见。

您可以在 createTRPCNext 上使用 responseMeta 回调来为 SSR 响应设置缓存标头。另请参阅通用的响应缓存文档，了解使用 responseMeta 的框架无关缓存方案。

utils/trpc.tsx
tsx
import { httpBatchLink } from '@trpc/client';
import { createTRPCNext } from '@trpc/next';
import { ssrPrepass } from '@trpc/next/ssrPrepass';
import type { AppRouter } from '../server/routers/_app';
 
export const trpc = createTRPCNext<AppRouter>({
  config() {
    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
      return {
        links: [
          httpBatchLink({
            url: '/api/trpc',
          }),
        ],
      };
    }
 
    const url = process.env.VERCEL_URL
      ? `https://${process.env.VERCEL_URL}/api/trpc`
      : 'http://localhost:3000/api/trpc';
 
    return {
      links: [
        httpBatchLink({
          url,
        }),
      ],
    };
  },
  ssr: true,
  ssrPrepass,
  responseMeta(opts) {
    const { clientErrors } = opts;
 
    if (clientErrors.length) {
      // propagate http first error from API calls
      return {
        status: clientErrors[0].data?.httpStatus ?? 500,
      };
    }
 
    // cache request for 1 day + revalidate once every second
    const ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS = 60 * 60 * 24;
    return {
      headers: new Headers([
        [
          'cache-control',
          `s-maxage=1, stale-while-revalidate=${ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS}`,
        ],
      ]),
    };
  },
});
utils/trpc.tsx
tsx
import { httpBatchLink } from '@trpc/client';
import { createTRPCNext } from '@trpc/next';
import { ssrPrepass } from '@trpc/next/ssrPrepass';
import type { AppRouter } from '../server/routers/_app';
 
export const trpc = createTRPCNext<AppRouter>({
  config() {
    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
      return {
        links: [
          httpBatchLink({
            url: '/api/trpc',
          }),
        ],
      };
    }
 
    const url = process.env.VERCEL_URL
      ? `https://${process.env.VERCEL_URL}/api/trpc`
      : 'http://localhost:3000/api/trpc';
 
    return {
      links: [
        httpBatchLink({
          url,
        }),
      ],
    };
  },
  ssr: true,
  ssrPrepass,
  responseMeta(opts) {
    const { clientErrors } = opts;
 
    if (clientErrors.length) {
      // propagate http first error from API calls
      return {
        status: clientErrors[0].data?.httpStatus ?? 500,
      };
    }
 
    // cache request for 1 day + revalidate once every second
    const ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS = 60 * 60 * 24;
    return {
      headers: new Headers([
        [
          'cache-control',
          `s-maxage=1, stale-while-revalidate=${ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS}`,
        ],
      ]),
    };
  },
});

使用 Next.js 适配器进行 API 响应缓存​

您也可以在 Next.js API 处理程序上使用 responseMeta 来直接缓存 API 响应：

pages/api/trpc/[trpc].ts
tsx
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as trpcNext from '@trpc/server/adapters/next';
 
export const createContext = async ({
  req,
  res,
}: trpcNext.CreateNextContextOptions) => {
  return {
    req,
    res,
  };
};
 
type Context = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof createContext>>;
 
export const t = initTRPC.context<Context>().create();
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  public: t.router({
    slowQueryCached: t.procedure.query(async (opts) => {
      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5000));
 
      return {
        lastUpdated: new Date().toJSON(),
      };
    }),
  }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
 
export default trpcNext.createNextApiHandler({
  router: appRouter,
  createContext,
  responseMeta(opts) {
    const { ctx, paths, errors, type } = opts;
    // assuming you have all your public routes with the keyword `public` in them
    const allPublic = paths && paths.every((path) => path.includes('public'));
    // checking that no procedures errored
    const allOk = errors.length === 0;
    // checking we're doing a query request
    const isQuery = type === 'query';
 
    if (ctx?.res && allPublic && allOk && isQuery) {
      // cache request for 1 day + revalidate once every second
      const ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS = 60 * 60 * 24;
      return {
        headers: new Headers([
          [
            'cache-control',
            `s-maxage=1, stale-while-revalidate=${ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS}`,
          ],
        ]),
      };
    }
    return {};
  },
});
pages/api/trpc/[trpc].ts
tsx
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as trpcNext from '@trpc/server/adapters/next';
 
export const createContext = async ({
  req,
  res,
}: trpcNext.CreateNextContextOptions) => {
  return {
    req,
    res,
  };
};
 
type Context = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof createContext>>;
 
export const t = initTRPC.context<Context>().create();
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  public: t.router({
    slowQueryCached: t.procedure.query(async (opts) => {
      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5000));
 
      return {
        lastUpdated: new Date().toJSON(),
      };
    }),
  }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
 
export default trpcNext.createNextApiHandler({
  router: appRouter,
  createContext,
  responseMeta(opts) {
    const { ctx, paths, errors, type } = opts;
    // assuming you have all your public routes with the keyword `public` in them
    const allPublic = paths && paths.every((path) => path.includes('public'));
    // checking that no procedures errored
    const allOk = errors.length === 0;
    // checking we're doing a query request
    const isQuery = type === 'query';
 
    if (ctx?.res && allPublic && allOk && isQuery) {
      // cache request for 1 day + revalidate once every second
      const ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS = 60 * 60 * 24;
      return {
        headers: new Headers([
          [
            'cache-control',
            `s-maxage=1, stale-while-revalidate=${ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS}`,
          ],
        ]),
      };
    }
    return {};
  },
});

常见问题​

问：为什么需要手动将客户端 headers 转发到服务器？tRPC 不能自动处理吗？​

虽然在 SSR 场景中通常都需要转发客户端 headers，但您可能需要在 headers 中动态添加内容。因此 tRPC 不负责处理 header 键名冲突等问题。

问：为什么在 Node 18 上使用 SSR 时需要删除 connection 头？​

若不移除 connection 头，数据获取将失败并出现 TRPCClientError: fetch failed 错误，因为 connection 属于禁用标头名称。

问：为什么在 Network 标签页仍能看到网络请求？​

默认情况下，@tanstack/react-query（我们用于数据获取的 hooks）会在组件挂载和窗口重新聚焦时重新获取数据，即使已通过 SSR 获得初始数据。这确保了数据始终最新。如需禁用此行为，请参阅静态站点生成(SSG)页面。